On 11.2.0.3 single server grid infrastructure on Windows 2008, I faced ORA-29701 error while starting ASM instance.
C:\>sqlplus
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: sys as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service
SQL> exit
Disconnected
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This error can come at any platform and there could be different reasons and scenarios when you can face this error, but here I would be discussing it only in relation to the starting of ASM instance.
In this scenario, I manually stopped all Oracle services from windows services control panel and then later I started all services back and also ASM service, then I opened SQLPLUS to start the ASM instances, but it returned me this error message.
The reason of this error was that if ASM is stopped manually CSS would also stop with this, and then if system is rebooted or all Oracle services are stopped and started, it would retain last state of CSS (which is OFFLINE, as we shut down ASM just before system reboot or Oracle services stop/start). Now starting ASM instance using SQLPLUS would return this error as CSS is not running, as you can see bellow in my case
C:\crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg
OFFLINE OFFLINE myserver01
ora.DATADG.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE myserver01
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.REDODG1.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE myserver01
ora.REDODG2.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE myserver01
ora.asm
OFFLINE OFFLINE myserver01 Instance Shutdown
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE myserver01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE sgpvtrnors01
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To solve this issue, we would need to start the ASM using srvctl command so that CSS could also be started up
C:\>srvctl start asm
C:\>crsctl.exe stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.DATADG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.REDODG1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.REDODG2.dg
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE myserver01 Started
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE myserver01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE myserver01
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